Sodium (Na) is an important factor for the efficiency of CIS/CIGS solar cells. By sputtering a layer of sodium doped molybdenum, the amount of sodium in the absorber layer can be controlled exactly and reproduced. For this standard process in the CIS/CIGS production route, PLANSEE offers MoNa sputtering targets with full density, high purity, and a uniform and fine-grained microstructure. Tests, in cooperation with the Swiss EMPA institute, have already proven their benefits in practice: with Na doped molybdenum layers the efficiency of CIGS solar cells could be significantly improved.

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